Medical and Surgical Diseases in Pregnancy
Ovarian Masses: Cysts and Tumors
Ovarian masses are growths on or in the ovaries – the small reproductive organs located on each side of a girl’s uterus that store and release eggs and produces female hormones.
Just because you’ve had an ovarian cyst or tumor doesn’t mean you have, or will develop, ovarian cancer. Many women get ovarian cysts or benign ovarian tumors at some point during their reproductive years. Most will never develop ovarian cancer.
Symptoms of ovarian cysts and tumors may include:
- Abdominal pain or tenderness
- Bloating
- Dull backache
- Increase in abdomen size
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abnormal menstrual bleeding
Cervical Cancer Vaccination and Checkup
Cervical cancer screening is used to find changes in the cells of the cervix that could lead to cancer. Screening includes cervical cytology (also called the Pap test or Pap smear), testing for human papillomavirus (HPV), or both. Most women should have cervical cancer screening on a regular basis.
A Pap smear is used to screen for cervical cancer. Cancer occurs when cervical cells become abnormal and, over time, grow out of control. The cancer cells invade deeper into the cervical tissue. In advanced cases, cancer cells can spread to other organs of the body.
Breast examination
Breast exams improve the chances of finding breast cancer early. And the earlier breast cancer is found, the easier it is to treat.
Doctors can tell whether your breasts look and feel healthy. During a breast exam, your doctor will feel for lumps and other problems, and can recommend more tests if there’s anything unusua